Fuel-briquet.



entrain snares earner orrrcia CHARLES nowann srrrrrr, or SHORT HILLS,NEW JERSEY, AssIeNon 'ro tarnisnarrower. coat. r aonuors CORPORATION, ornrcrnvroivn, VIRGINIA, a oonro RATIGN or vrnernie.

FU-EL-BRIQUET.

menses...

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 312, was.

No Drawing. Original application. filed Npuenrber 15, 1916, Serial No.131,434, (now. Patent No. 1.2%,15-"19, dated August 20, 193.8,.).--Dividedand this application filemLJuly 18, 1918. Serial No. 245,455.

- To all wkomiif may concern."

-Bait known that I, C AnLns. HOWARD SMITH, a citizen of the UnitedStatesand a resident of Short Hills, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFuel-Briquets, of which the following is a specification.

'llhe invention relates to briquets and in its broader aspect; it isdirected to briquets composed principally, if not wholly, of partiallycarbonized coal and in which, the

' hydrocarbon volatile content. of the briquet isapproximately fromeleven per cent.

(11%) to seventeen per cent, (17%) of. the weight of thabriquet.

According to. a. more. specific aspect of the. invention it is directedto briquets made rinc'ipally from partially carbonized coal at, alsoincluding hydrocarbon binding material, such as pitch. In the making'ofthe briquetsjust referred to uniformly but partially carbonized coalhaving a hydrocarbon volatile content of generally less than ten per.cent. (10%) to eleven per cent. [(11%) is employed. Pitch or othersuitable hydrocarbon binding material is mixed with .this'partiallycarbonized coal until the hydro- Qarbon volatile matter in the mixtureof the artially carbonized coal and hydrocarbon hinderapproximates thedesired amount, as from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent.v(17%). into a mesh preferably as by the aid of steam which may beemployed during'a fiuxing operation and from this mash the desiredpressed briquets are made by moldmg. p

The invention which is thebasis of the present application is clearlydescribed in my United States Letters Patent No. 1,- 276,429 datedAugust 20, 1918, entitled Briquets and meth d of making the same.

The present application is a division of said 1 patent. v

The briquets whichare the basis of the present invention can be readilymade from a high volatile fuel, for example, a raw coal having as highas thirty-six per cent. (36%)- volatile matter and fifty-five per cent.of fixed carbon. They can be employed as raw briquets but they areparticularly adaptable for use in the making of carbonized briquetswherein the volatile content Said mixture is formed.

of the final briquet is as low as two and onehalf per cent. (2:}%) orless. By proper heat treatment these final briquets can be made so as toeach, have a firm, coherent structure and with the percentages ofvolatile matter above mentioned. By the proper heat treat-v ment thefinal briquets will have the same shape as the raw briquets, although.it will be noted that a substantial shrinkage takes place during saidheating Which is a carbonizing operation. One way in which the briquetscan be made having approximately eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per1 ing the coalis preferably mixed and agitated in such a manner thatthe. resulting. product from theretort is a dry, soft, uniformlydistilled or partially carbonized coal residue,

or semi-coke as some. might call it.- This residue at the. end of theheating operation may, for example, contain only. five per cent. (5%)hydrocarbon volatile matter-therein. It is not necessary, however, tocarry the heating to a point where the volatile. matter will be loweredto the percentage just mentioned, as the pointy where .thelheating isstopped is dependent more or less -I1p0n the coal being treated and theproduct desired for the making ,of the particular briouet required.

This coal residue is rendered in finely divided orpulverized form as byvcrushing, and to it there is added pitch. for example crushed pitch infinely divided form, until in the resulting mixture there is containedhydrocarbon volatile matter which approximates from eleven per cent.(11%) to .seventeen per cent. (17%), the amount of pitch added beingdependent upon the persteam and it will here be noted that the pitch canbe added during the fiuxing operation or previous thereto. Otherhydrocarbon bearirg materials than pitch (ould be employed to supplythis volatile hydrocarbon bindcr.. The result of the fluxing operationis a mash. The word mash used herein is employed to designate a mass ofcrushed or finelydivided partially distilled coal havirg intermixedtherewith water or hydrocarbon volatile matter in liquid or plastic formwhereby there results a soft mixture of plastic material that can bereadily molded into briquets. The mash is then formed bv pressure intohriquets having the desired size and shape and thereafter these briquetscan be employed either directly, as for the purpose of supportingombustion, or they can be carbonized to make the firm, coherent. lowvolatile carbonized briquets pre iously referred to.

lVh le the partially carbonized coal employed in the making of rawbriquets is described above as being made from high volatile coal, stillit will be manifest that the invention is not limited to the employmentof partially carbonized coal resulting from the heating of a highvolatile coal, as coals having less hydrocarbon volatile could beemployed to provide the partially carbonized coal in case they containedenough hydrocarbon volatile to permit thepreliminary partialcarbonization or distillation necessary to produ e the desired coalresidue from which to make the raw briquets.

According to a broader aspect of the invention the carbonizing of theraw coal may be only enough to leave in the coal approximately fromeleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17 hydrocarbon volatilematter whereby the necessity for add ing hydrocarbon volatile matter,such as pitch, could be avoided. In such a case. however, this partiallycarbonized coal might be rendered in finely divided form and made intoraw briquets having the desired percentage of hydrocarbon volatilematter therein whereby the desired results can be realized, although itwill be understood that, according to the preferred or more specificembodiment of the invention,

employment is made of the pitch which has many qualities that areadvantageous in briquets of the kind in question.

It will be manifest that the invention can be readilyrealized in variousforms and way without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

What I claim is:

1. A briquet formed of a partially carbonized coal and binder, as pitch,and having a volatile content of approximately from eleven per cent.(11%) to seventeen per cent. 2. A briquet formed largely of partiallycarbonized coal and in which the hydrocarbon content of the briquetapproximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%).

3. A briquet.comprising partially carbonized coal which provides fixedcarbon and hydrocarbon volatile matter and mixed therewith hydrocarbonbinding material which provides hydrocarbon volatile matter so that thehydrocarbon volatile matter in the briquet approximates from eleven percent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%) of the weight of the briquet.

4:. A briquet which comprises partially distilled coal and which briquethas from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent. (17%) hydrocarbonvolatile matter therein.

5. A briquet comprising finely divided uniformly but partially distilledcoal residue with which there is mixed pitch until the hydrocarbonmatter in the mixture approximates from eleven per cent; (11%) toseventeen per cent. (17%).

6. A briquet having dry, soft, finely divided, partially carbonized coalresidue and in which briquet the percentagepf hydrocarbon volatilematter approximates from eleven per cent. (11%) to seventeen per cent.(17%).

This specification signed and witnessed this 17th day of July, 1918.

. CHARLES HOWARD SMITH.

Signed in the presence of G. MCGRANN, W. C. MARGESON.

